🏷️ Classification
Biguanide antidiabetic agent
📚 Content Area
Antidiabetic medication belonging to the biguanide class. Works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.
📝 Notes / Nursing Implications
Monitor blood glucose levels regularly. Assess kidney function before and during therapy. Take with meals to reduce GI upset. Hold medication before contrast procedures.
✅ Indications
Type 2 diabetes mellitus as first-line therapy. May be used in combination with other antidiabetic agents. Sometimes used off-label for PCOS and weight management.
⚠️ Side Effects
Common: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, metallic taste. Serious: Lactic acidosis (rare but potentially fatal). May cause vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use.
⚠️ Contraindications
Severe kidney disease (eGFR < 30), acute heart failure, severe liver disease, alcoholism, conditions predisposing to lactic acidosis. Temporarily discontinue before surgery or contrast procedures.
